Peptide raw materials can be classified in several ways depending on the industry and application. Based on the provided materials, here is a comprehensive breakdown of the types of peptide raw materials:
Classification by Raw Material Source
This categorization is based on the origin of the peptides and is commonly used in food, supplements, and cosmetics:
Plant-Derived Peptides: Sourced from various plants. Examples include soybean peptides, corn peptides, wheat peptides, pea peptides, and ginseng peptides.
Animal-Derived Peptides: Extracted from animal sources, known for high affinity with the human body. Examples include milk peptides (whey/casein), bovine collagen peptides, and peptides from pig liver or blood.
Marine-Derived Peptides: Sourced from marine life, offering unique biological activities. Examples include marine fish collagen peptides, sea cucumber peptides, and oyster peptides.
Microbial-Derived Peptides: Produced through microbial fermentation, offering high production efficiency. Examples include certain antimicrobial peptides generated by lactic acid bacteria.
Classification by Biological Function
This is the most common classification for consumers, as it directly corresponds to the claimed benefits of the products:
Antioxidant Peptides: Clear free radicals, delay aging, and reduce oxidative damage (e.g., Glutathione, Carnosine).
Antihypertensive Peptides: Inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) to help lower blood pressure (e.g., whey protein antihypertensive peptides, fish protein antihypertensive peptides).
Antimicrobial Peptides: Disrupt bacterial cell membranes to inhibit or kill harmful bacteria (e.g., Lactoferrin peptides, Defensins).
Immunomodulatory Peptides: Activate or regulate immune cells to enhance immunity (e.g., Soybean peptides, Whey protein peptides).
Mineral Absorption-Promoting Peptides: Bind with minerals to promote their intestinal absorption (e.g., Caseinophosphopeptide / CPP).
Cosmetic/Collagen Peptides: Promote fibroblast activity and stimulate endogenous collagen synthesis (e.g., Marine fish collagen peptides).
Opioid-like Active Peptides: Provide analgesic, sedative, and mood-regulating effects (e.g., Casomorphins, Gliadorphins).
